The British Museum citole is a unique example of medieval craftsmanship and is one of very few instruments from the Middle Ages to have survived. Its long, complex history includes a connection with the court of Elizabeth I and its conversion to a violin. The essays in this volume are the results of a conference held to highlight recent research, conservation work and scientific findings specifically related to the British Museum citole. The book enhances our understanding of one of the British Museum’s most celebrated objects by drawing together experts from the fields of history, art history, music, organology, conservation and science and performance practice. The result is a more developed understanding of the object within a wider historical context.