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Book
'What Follows Six is More Than Seven': Understanding African Art
Text of the first William Fagg Memorial Lecture, a series founded to commemorate the African interests of the BM's Keeper of Ethnography between 1969 and 1974. The title refers to a Yorùbá proverb that suggests that we look beyond what is easily observed if we are to understand something. Only...Abiodun, Rowland
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The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis
The results of the first major lead isotope analysis of British Copper and Bronze Age artefacts, and an attempt to relate the artefacts to their source. The authors outline the evidence for early mining, and the principles of lead isotope analysis, before presenting lead isotope analyses for British ores, and...Rohl, Brenda ; Needham, Stuart
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Bioarchaeology of Ancient Egypt and Nubia: A Bibliography
Bibliography concentrating on the dental and skeletal anthropology of Ancient Egypt and Nubia.Rose, Jerome C.
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Selection of Materials for the Storage or Display of Museum Objects (1st edn)
First edition of this publication - for the most up to date version of the Oddy Test, please consult the revised edition published in 2004 (9780861591178)Lee, L.R. ; Thickett, D.
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Japanese 19th-Century Copperplate Prints
After the 1870s there was an explosion in print production via non-woodblock media in Japan. This study examines this development looking at a group of etchings issued from the 1830s to the 1880s that are now in the British Museum, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, the Scottish National Library, and the...Clark, John
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Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum
Stamped lead seals were widely used in the European textile industry during the late-medieval/early-modern period, attached to individual cloths as part of a system of industrial regulation and quality control. The survival of large numbers of the seals, many dating from the period that was crucial to the development of...Granger Taylor, Hero ; Cowell, Mike ; Egan, Geoff
early modern history, medieval history, Seals, and history of textiles
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A Survey of Visitors to the British Museum (1982–3)
A survey of visitors to the British Museum in 1982–3.Caygill, Marjorie
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Is This How I Looked When I First Got Here? Pottery and Practice in the Cameroon Grassfields
Both the elaboration and the regional specialization of craft production have long been noted by observers of the kingdoms of the Cameroon Grassfields. The pottery production of the kingdoms of Bamessing and Babessi serve as case studies to outline a model which accounts for the aesthetic of the foreign which...Knecht, Ueli ; Argenti, Nicolas
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British Museum Expedition to Middle Egypt: Ashmunein (1985)
An account of the British Museum's 1985 expedition to Ashmunein.Spencer, Alan Jeffrey ; Bailey, Donald M.
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The Torajan Ricebarn
A study of the Torajan ricebarn, a traditional Indonesian structure where the rice crop is stored, and where the main social life of the village takes place. This paper was stimulated by the construction of a ricebarn for the Museum of Mankind at the British Museum in 1987.Barley, Nigel ; Sandaruppa, Stanislaus
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Faccombe Netherton: Excavations of a Saxon and Medieval Manorial Complex
An account of the 1907-1979 excavations of a Saxon and Medieval Manor complex in northwest Hampshire.Fairbrother, J.R.
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Novgorod: The Archaeology of a Russian Medieval City and its Hinterland
The papers cover the results of a programme of collaboration between Russian and western European researchers on the archaeology of the medieval Russian city and Hanseatic trading post of Novgorod. In addition to its size, it is famous for the unique preservation of organic and inorganic materials, including streets and...Gaimster, David ; Brisbane, Mark
trade, Russian history, and archaeology
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Repurposing Ritual. Pap. Berlin P. 10480-82: A Case Study from Middle Kingdom Asyut
Repurposing Ritual is the editio princeps of a group of papyrus fragments from ancient Asyut in Middle Egypt currently kept in the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung in Berlin. The papyri are significant for the study of ancient Egyptian religious and funerary culture because they contain in a neat hieratic handwriting...Regulski, Ilona
Egyptology, text transmission, mortuary ritual, and written culture
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Cleopatra Reassessed
This volume presents the work of a lively international symposium accompanying the special exhibition Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, held at the British Museum in 2001. The book is divided in four sections: Cleopatra and Egypt; Cleopatra and the Hellenistic Greek Tradition: Cleopatra and Rome; Cleopatra Abroad. Nineteen...Walker, Susan ; Ashton, Sally-Ann
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Maiolica in the North: The Archaeology of Tin-Glazed Earthenware in North-West Europe, c. 1500–1600
This volume is taken from the first international colloquium on the subject of maiolica in sixteenth century England and the Low Countries, held in March 1997. The aim of this volume is to make available for the first time, the latest research in this rapidly developing field of study. These...Gaimster, David
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2000 Years of Zinc and Brass (revised edition)
This volume is the first comprehensive technical history of the production of zinc and brass. It describes the inception and technical development of the processes by which zinc and brass were made at various centres around the world, together with typical compositions of the resulting brasses. The essays show that...Craddock, P.T.
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A Piece of Shenoutiana from the Dept of Egyptian Antiquities (EA 71005)
This text, published with translation and commentary, is a work attributed to Shenoute, the 4th-5th century abbot of the White Monastery in Upper Egypt.Behlmer, Heike ; Alcock, Anthony
Egyptology and papyrology
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Recent Research in Kushite History and Archaeology, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference for Meroitic Studies
Proceedings of the eighth International Conference for Meroitic studies including essays on Kushite funerary tradition, the archaeological evidence for Kushite settlement, the end of Meroe; fieldwork, and new research.Welsby, Derek
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Reversibility – Does it Exist?
Following the 1994 conference Restoration - Is it acceptable? , the 1999 British Museum conference focused on the reversibility of the main processes of conservation: cleaning, stabilising, repair and restoration. Twenty-seven papers discuss many different aspects of the argument, in both theory and practice, and with regard to different media...Oddy, Andrew ; Carroll, Sara
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Abydos: The Sacred Land of the Western Horizon. Proceedings of the Annual Egyptological Colloquium at the British Museum ‘Abydos: the sacred land at the western horizon
This volume is the first of two complementary volumes that explore Abydos through the lenses of the latest archaeological, archival and collections research, building upon a colloquium and workshop held at the British Museum in 2015. A second volume (Abydos in the First Millennium AD, BMPES 9) presents a focussed...Regulski, Ilona
Archaeology, Egypt, and Abydos
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Nero: the man behind the myth
One of the best known figures from Roman history, Nero (r. AD 54–68) is most often characterised as a tyrannical and ineffectual ruler, who fiddled while Rome burnt. Such a reputation has, however, been shaped by ancient literary sources written by his adversaries and enemies and, in light of new...Opper, Thorsten
Nero, Roman empire, and history
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Thomas Becket: murder and the making of a saint
The murder of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral on 29 December 1170 sent shockwaves across medieval Europe. He rose from ordinary beginnings in London to become chancellor to King Henry II and then Archbishop of Canterbury, making him one of the most powerful men in England. Becket’s fortunes changed when...de Beer, Lloyd ; Speakman, Naomi ; Koopmans, Rachel
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Peru: a journey in time
The accompanying catalogue to the British Museum exhibition Peru: a journey in time. The environments of the Central Andean region in Peru, South America, are some of the most geographically rich and diverse in the world. This publication highlights the history, beliefs and cultural achievements of the different peoples who...Cooper, Jago ; Pardo, Cecilia
archaeology, Peru, and material culture
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British Museum Expedition to Middle Egypt: Ashmunein (1981)
A report on the British Museum's 1981 expedition to AshmuneinSpencer, Jeffrey
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The Ambleside Hoard: A Discovery in the Royal Collections
Documentation and description of the history and substance of the hoard, lost for over two centuries since its original 18th century discovery, and found once more in the Queen's collection.Needham, Stuart
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Aspects of Early North American Metallurgy
Studies of pre-European metal objects in the British Museum. They include including six North West Coast `coppers' and fourteen iron daggers and knives, collected in the 18th century; three Inuit harpoon blades from the Canadian Arctic; and 121 chiefly copper objects dating from 1000BC to AD600, from the 1845-7 Squier...Wayman, Michael L. ; King, J.C.H. ; Craddock, Paul
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Ivory in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean
Publication of papers presented at a colloquium held at the British Museum in 1990 providing an account of current research in the history of ivory and bone.Fitton, J. Lesley
Ivory and ancient Greece
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Neutron Activation and Plasma Emission Spectrometric Analysis in Archaeology
Sixteen papers giving an overview of research in the application of NAA and inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry to archaeology.Hughes, Michael ; Cowell, Mike ; Hook, Duncan
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Mexican Painted Manuscripts in the UK
Mexican pictorial manuscripts offer rare insight into Ancient Mexican culture, particularly since disciplined study in this area is a relatively recent scholarly phenomenon. This study contains introductory chapters on writing, numerical and calendrical systems and materials, and in the catalogue, discussion of the texts, pictures, authors and history.Berger, Ute
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The Carlyle Collection of Stone Age Artefacts from Central India
Archibald Carlyle developed an important collection of stone objects found on prehistoric sites in and around the Central Provinces of India at a time when other 19th-century antiquarians were focusing their interests on wealthier examples of the subcontinent's historical antiquities. This volume catalogues this material for the first time, establishing...Cook, Jill ; Martingell, Hazel
prehistory, archaeology, and India
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Excavations at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968–72
The lower Palaeolithic site at Swanscombe has been the focus of research and debate since the beginning of the century. Not only did it provide evidence of Clactonian flint industries overlain by Acheulian, but it has also yielded the only human skull fragments from this period in Britain. This volume...Conway, Bernard ; McNabb, John ; Ashton, Nick
Prehistory, archaeology, and geology
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Italy in Europe: Economic Relations 700 BC–AD 50
Twenty five papers from a 1992 British Museum Colloquium exploring Italy's relationship with the rest of Europe in antiquity. The contributions are divided into three sections on the Etruscans (Exports North of Italy', Etruscan Routes out of Italy' and Etruscan Craftsmanship in Italy') and four on the Romans (The Effects...Swaddling, Judith ; Walker, Susan ; Roberts, Paul
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Catalogue of Punic Stelae in the British Museum
This catalogue discusses some aspects of Carthaginian or 'Punic' culture as shown by the inscribed and carved stones, or stelae, in the British Museum's collections. The majority of the North African, mainly Tunisian, stelae have votive or dedicatory inscriptions in Punic and some of them are thought to come from...Mendleson, Carole
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Journal article
The British Museum and the State Hermitage Museum: collaboration, exhibitions, research
Explores the long history of collaboration between these two museums through exhibitions, conferences, research, scientific exchanges and archaeological excavations over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, and shows how museums exercise soft power and maintain dialogues even in challenging political timesSimpson, St John
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The art of gardens: an introduction
This volume argues that looking at gardens through the lens of art and aesthetics generates new insights into the role that gardens have for those who make and depend on them. Drawing on some of the debates around the anthropology of art, we suggest that aesthetics provides a rich analytical...Bolton, Lissant ; Mitchell, Jean
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An old problem in a new light: elemental and lead isotopic analysis of Luristan Bronzes
The emergence and provenance of the Luristan Bronzes has been a subject of interest for many decades. This paper presents the results of elemental and lead isotopic analysis of a series of Luristan Bronzes discovered from recent excavations in the Sangtarashan sanctuary, as well as an extensive comparative study on... -
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Heavy metal and the beauty industry: an unexpected connection from ancient Afghanistan
Explores the relationship between facial whiteners, cosmetic containers and by-products of the metal industry by reference to archaeological finds from Afghanistan and objects seized by UK law enforcement and now in the National Museum of AfghanistanSimpson, St John
Afghanistan, cosmetic, and Bronze Age
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A corroboree for the Countess of Kintore: enlivening histories through objects
This paper discusses a corroboree performed in Darwin in 1893 to illustrate the potential of British ethnographic collections for researching overlooked historical events. The performance was brought to light after a collection of Aboriginal artefacts used in it was noted and examined by the author in the collections of Marischal...Sculthorpe, Gaye
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Peasants, produce and tractors: farming scenes on Communist banknotes
Communist regimes in the twentieth century deployed a common visual language through banknote imagery, forging new narratives framed within the context of shared political and economic goals. In particular, farming imagery came to dominate banknote design. All communist regimes pursued extensive agricultural reform, from the ownership of land to the...Hockenhull, Tom
communism, currency, and agriculture
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Tantra: Enlightenment to Revolution
A scholarly overview of the British Museum's 2020 exhibition, Tantra: enlightenment to revolution.Ramos, Imma
British Museum, Tantra, and exhibition
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Putting the pieces back together: Rembrandt's Lamentation drawing under the microscope
A thorough examination of Rembrandt’s early drawing of the Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross in the British Museum (Benesch 154; registration number Oo,9.103) using magnification (x10), transmitted light, infrared imaging and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), in order to conclusively establish the construction of the paper and the different...Horbatsch, Olenka ; Snow, Rebecca ; Taylor, Samantha
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Some weapons to take away: the spread of decorated projectile points across Magdalenian societies
This paper presents a consideration on the spread of decorated weapon tips across Magdalenian societies. Based on a comprehensive review of the ten types of decorations identified on weapon tips from south-western France, the comparative analysis of their distribution shows their value to document both short and long distances relationships,...Lucas, Claire
Weapon, Magdalenian, and Portable art
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Technical steps towards enhanced localization of proteins in cultural heritage samples by immunofluorescence microscopy and micro-reflectance imaging spectroscopy
This study presents the results obtained during the optimization phase of a protocol based on immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) with the aim to characterize and localize proteins in fluid-rich samples of cultural heritage interest. Chicken serum albumin from chicken blood was considered the primary target. Ovalbumin from chicken egg albumen (egg... -
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The haunting of Assyria: a chilling new detail from the Sack of Nimrud
Discusses a previously unrecognised ancient graffito on an Assyrian sculptureSimpson, St John
iconoclasm, graffiti, and Assyria
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Revealing relationships: colonial photograph albums of the Niger Delta at the British Museum: a case study
The focus of this paper is a collection of photographs currently housed in the British Museum. Two albums (British Museum reference numbers Af,A46 and Af,A47) are identified as belonging to Arthur Purt, thought to be a European trader in the Niger Delta in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries....Anderson, Helen
Nigeria, Photographs, and Colonial
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Шкатулки бронзового века: экзотические импорты,подражания-скевоморфы и локальное производствоот Центральной Азии до Шумера
Discusses archaeological finds of inlaid boxes at Bronze Age sites in Iraq, shows how some originated in the Indus Valley and how other types of box were carved from stone or made from fired clay in Arabia, Iran and Central Asia, probably as imitations of ones in organic materials that...Simpson, St John
box, Ancient Near East, and Bronze Age
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Assyrian palaces: from their foundation to their destruction in antiquity
The more recent synthesis in English to explore all aspects of Assyrian palaces and their decorationSimpson, St John
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The Great Wave: how to identify reproductions
Korenberg, Capucine
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A new Sumerian copper figurine from Badtibira
This short article presents a new copper figurine of a bearded hero (temple guardian) discovered at the Sumerian site of Badtibira in 2017 dating to the beginning of the Early Dynastic period (c. 2700-2600 BC). The piece was found broken during our visit to the site with archaeologists of SBAH...Rey, Sebastien ; Skwiercz, Joanna ; Girotto, Elisa ; Vardy, Faith ; Tagen, Dani
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Forgeries of Hellenistic bronze coins of Ithaca
This article examines the stylistic and metal composition differences between two variants of the bronze Odysseus/Cock type from Ithaca. It posits that Variant 2 is a forgery, which must have been produced after the Hellenistic period but before the end of the 19th century. It also identifies a historic substitution...Dowler, Amelia ; Perucchetti, Laura
British Museum, copper, metal composition, Hellenistic, X-ray fluorescence, copper alloy, numismatics, tin, coins, bronze, forgery, zinc, and Ithaca
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A coin of Augustus struck at Butrint
This article discusses a coin of Augustus struck at Butrint, found on excvations at Butrint, which possibly shows either Aeneas or Ascanius (Julius). It is appended to an article about related sculpture found at ButrintMoorhead, Sam
Coin, Aeneas, Augustus, Ascanius, Roman Provincial, Roman, and Butrint
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The art of hunting: coordinating subsistence laws with Alaska native harvesting practices
This paper explores the socioeconomic relationships between Alaska Native harvesting practices, the laws that regulate those practices, and Alaska Native art. In the 21st century, indigenous residents of northwestern Alaska incorporate harvesting activities into their travels between small rural communities, regional centers, and larger Alaskan cities. These harvests efficiently coordinate...Lincoln, Amber
art, markets, Arctic, Inuit, and anthropology
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Manufacturing techniques of Eastern Zhou bronze ding vessels with short legs: a case study of bronze ding (1949,0711.1) in the British Museum collection
This paper presents a detailed technical study of a Chinese bronze ding vessel with a bulging body, three short legs and a lid in the British Museum collection (1949,0711.1). It is a representative product made by the pattern-block method of the Houma foundry, the largest foundry site of the Eastern...Wang, Quanyu ; Su, Rongyu ; O'Flynn, Daniel ; Chen, Yi
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The Beau Street Hoard - what happened next?
Interpreting over 17,000 Roman coins Since the discovery of the Beau Street Hoard in Bath in 2007, years of research have illuminated the contents of this huge collection of late 3rd-century Roman coins, revealing new clues to why it might have been buried.Ghey, Eleanor
archaeology, numismatics, and Roman
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A conversation with Roger Keyes
Impressions asked Timothy Clark, newly retired Head of the Japanese Section, Asia Department at the British Museum, to ask Roger Keyes about his work and his recollections. They sat down together in the Asia Study Room at the British Museum on March 26, 2019.Clark, Timothy ; Keyes, Roger
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Journal article
Khirbet Ghozlan
The site of Khirbet Um al-Ghozlan sits on a steep knoll overlooking the Wadi Rayyan in north Jordan. Because it is only 0.4 ha in size, most surveys would classify the site as a hamlet or village. In this respect, Khirbet Ghozlan sits comfortably within our traditional understanding of the...Fraser, James ; Cartwright, Caroline
olive oil, olives, Jordan valley, Early Bronze Age IV, Olea europaea, and Khirbet Um al-Ghozlan
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Insights from nondestructive geochemical analyses of Hacienda Grande (Puerto Rico) and Salt River (Virgin Islands) Saladoid and Ostionoid ceramics
After decades of archaeological excavations, legacy collections present us with vast reservoirs of untapped research potential. By studying Ceramic Age (ca. 500 bc–ad 600) Caribbean pottery from Hacienda Grande (Puerto Rico) and Salt River (St. Croix), this exploratory study devised a method for the use of nondestructive geochemical analyses (portable...Van Thienen, Vince ; Martínez Milantchí, María Mercedes
legacy collection, ceramic practice, Caribbean archaeology, cultural interaction, and geochemistry
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A scientific study of Eastern Zhou bronze weapons with tin-rich surface decoration
In this paper we examined three bronze weapons with tin-rich surface decoration from the Eastern Zhou period: a sword (1966,0222.1) with a trellis pattern, a spearhead (1947,0712.426) with a hexagonal star pattern in the British Museum collections, and a sword (GT698) with a trellis pattern from a private collection. These...Wang, Quanyu ; Chen, Yi ; O'Flynn, Daniel
bronze weapon, tin-rich decoration, trellis pattern, and Eastern Zhou
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Tello/Girsu: first results of the autumn 2019 archaeological season
This article’s aim is to present the preliminary results of the British Museum archaeological fieldwork in Tello (ancient Girsu) that took place in the autumn of 2019. Since the launch of the Iraq Scheme in 2016, we have carried out five seasons of excavations at the site, focusing mainly on...Rey, Sebastien
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Objectifying processes: The use of geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses on Acheulean tools
Nowadays, the fruitful discussion regarding the morphological variability of handaxes during the Middle Pleistocene has reached a decisive moment with the use of more accurate statistical methods, such as geometric morphometrics (GM) and multivariate analyses (MA). This paper presents a preliminary methodological approach for checking the utility of these new...García-Medrano, Paula ; Maldonado-Garrido, Elías ; Ashton, Nick ; Ollé, Andreu
Boxgrove, Middle Pleistocene, handaxes, multivariate analyses, geometric morphometrics, Swanscombe, and Acheulean
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The curation and display of Lindow Man
Lindow Man is one of the best-preserved Iron Age bog bodies from Europe. Since his discovery in August 1984, he has been on almost permanent display to the public and the subject of close scientific scrutiny. This article focuses on the life of Lindow Man since his discovery, charting how...Joy, Jody ; Farley, Julia
display, ethics, preservation, wetlands, museum, curation, human remains, and Bog body
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Journal article
The origins of decorated ostrich eggs in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East
Decorated ostrich eggs were traded around the Mediterranean during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Research on their origins has focused primarily on decorative techniques and iconography to characterise the producers, workshops and trade routes, thereby equating decorative styles with cultural identities and geographic locations. This is problematic, as craftspeople were...Mediterranean; Middle East; North Africa; Bronze Age; Iron Age; stable isotopes; ostrich eggs
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Pottery technology in the Tang dynasty (ninth century ): archaeometric analyses of a Gongyi sherd found at Siraf, Iran
In 1969–70, a single Tang dynasty blue-spotted Gongyi sherd was found at Siraf, Iran, the main trading port on the Persian Gulf in the early Islamic period. This is the only known example of Chinese blue-and-white ware, whether low- or high-fired, found in the Middle East from such an early... -
Wang, Helen
China, sinology, and numismatics
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Journal article
Bitumen from the Dead Sea in Early Iron Age Nubia
Bitumen has been identified for the first time in Egyptian occupied Nubia, from within the town of Amara West, occupied from around 1300 to 1050 BC. The bitumen can be sourced to the Dead Sea using biomarkers, evidencing a trade in this material from the eastern Mediterranean to Nubia in...Fulcher, Kate ; Stacey, Rebecca ; Spencer, Neal
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Journal article
Datura quids at Pinwheel Cave, California, provide unambiguous confirmation of the ingestion of hallucinogens at a rock art site
Proponents of the altered states of consciousness (ASC) model have argued that hallucinogens have influenced the prehistoric making of images in caves and rock shelters. However, the lack of direct evidence for the consumption of hallucinogens at any global rock art site has undermined the ASC model. We present the... -
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Investigating Asian colourants in Chinese textiles from Dunhuang (7th-10th century AD) by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry – towards the creation of a mass spectra database
A broad palette of natural dyes is often mentioned with reference to dyed textiles from ancient China. However, few scientific works address the problem of correctly identifying these dyes, often referring simply to unidentified sources. The aim of this work was the creation of a database of mass spectra of...Tmaburini, Diego
HPLC-MS, Tandem mass spectra, Asian dyes, Chinese textiles, Dunhuang Silk Road
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The morphological affinity of the Early Pleistocene footprints from Happisburgh, England, with other footprints of Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene age
Fossil hominin footprints provide a direct source of evidence of locomotor behavior and allow inference of other biological data such as anthropometrics. Many recent comparative analyses of hominin footprints have used 3D analytical methods to assess their morphological affinities, comparing tracks from different locations and/or time periods. However, environmental conditions...Hominins; fossilized footprints; geometric morphometrics; foot anatomy; functional morphology
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Journal article
The WEAP method: a new age in the analysis of the Acheulean handaxes
This paper presents a unified methodology to describe critical features in lithic assemblages, in order to better interpret the Middle Pleistocene hominin occupation of western Europe, in the context of the Western European Acheulean Project (WEAP). This project aims to characterise the Acheulean technology of the western side of Europe...Middle Pleistocene; Acheulean handaxes; typology; chaîne opératoire; geometric; morphometrics
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Journal article
Ethnobotany of Hawaiian figure sculpture
Anecdotal theories about traditional uses of Polynesian woods in relation to social and religious practices were tested using comparative wood identification. The woods used to make 135 figure carvings from the Hawaiian archipelago were identified and compared with 23 figure carvings from elsewhere in Polynesia (especially Tahiti and the Marquesas)....Rudall, Paula J. ; Cartwright, Caroline
ethnobotany, Polynesia, and wood anatomy
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Journal article
Early Levallois core technology between Marine Isotope Stage 12 and 9 in Western Europe
Early Levallois core technology is usually dated in Europe to the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 and particularly from the beginning of MIS 8 to MIS 6. This technology is considered as one of the markers of the transition from lower to Middle Paleolithic or from Mode 2...