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Book chapter
The Ashurbanipal Library project at the British Museum
It was a remarkable stroke of luck that the first large corpus of cuneiform texts to be rediscovered in Mesopotamia was the Library of Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria (668–c. 630 BC). It quickly became the foundation stone on which the modern study of Assyriology was built. The Library remains a...Taylor, Jonathan
cuneiform, library, and digitisation
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Book chapter
The Roman coins from Exeter and its hinterland
An analysis of Roman coins finds from Exeter, set against the context of other Roman towns and Roman Devon and the South-WestMoorhead, Sam ; Brown, Andrew
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Book chapter
Use of decorated silver plate in Imperial Rome and Sasanian Iran
This chapter explores the production of silver plate in the late Roman and Sasanian Empires as luxury tablewares for both secular and religious use and suggests that parallels between forms and decoration may provide clues for links (e.g. trading and diplomacy) between the two respective imperial courts during late Antiquity.Hobbs, Richard
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Book chapter
Divine depictions: first representations of gods in Egypt
Ancient Egyptian iconography is characterised by the depictions of gods and goddesses. The number of deities appearing on tomb and temple walls and in religious literature grew steadily throughout the Pharaonic period. As foreign influences shaped, consolidated and altered the Egyptian identity, assimilations and comparisons with foreign gods enriched the...Regulski, Ilona
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Book chapter
The new mint under Nicomedes I (c. 278-255 BC)
This paper examines the foundation of the royal Bithynian mint under Nicomedes I (c. 278-255 BC). It analyses the silver and bronze coinages produced through die studies and metrology, and considers the evidence for the location of the mint and the date of first production.Dowler, Amelia
numismatics, Nicomedes I, and Bithynia
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Book chapter
A technical study of the Royal Clock Salt
The cameo heads on the base of the Clock Salt were examined using digital microscopy. . It was possible to take high-magnification images of the heads and use them for investigating potential materials from which they might have been created. The aim was to discover whether they were made from...Meek, Andrew ; Cooke, Oliver ; Shearman, Fleur ; Ling, Denise ; Cartwright, Caroline …
digital microscopy, marine shell cameos, and scientific research
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Book chapter
The Macabi Island wooden sculptures
Scientific identification using scanning electron microscopy revealed that wood from the algarrobo tree had been selected for making the iconic Macabi Island sculpturesCartwright, Caroline
scanning electron microscopy, Macabi Island, and wood anatomy
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Book chapter
The coffin of Takabuti
Description of coffin belonging to ancient Egyptian mummy of a woman named Takabuti, dating to the 25th Dynasty.Taylor, John
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Book chapter
Systems of value in Vanuatu: reflections on the Ambae textile complex
This chapter discusses the diverse forms of value attached to plaited pandanus textiles on Ambae, an island in the south-western Pacific nation of Vanuatu. I explore their cultural and historical contexts and show the dynamic nature of textiles both as types or categories, and as individual items. Textiles are made...Bolton, Lissant
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Book chapter
The visual representation of ghosts in Early Modern Japan
An examination of representations of ghosts in early modern Japan, including paintings, woodblock prints and books, kabuki theatre and martial ghosts.Buckland, Rosina
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Book chapter
Early medieval industries of Khurasan and evidence for the mining, working and export of talc cooking pots, and small items of jet and turquoise
Discussion of textual evidence for the exploitation of different resources in Khurasan, and how archaeological evidence from Merv shows the import of talc cooking pots, and small items of jet and turquoise from neighbouring highland Iran in the early medieval period, with the implications that they raiseSimpson, St John
archaeology, Khurasan, and Merv
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Conference paper (published)
Remote monitoring for museum pests ‐ a 21st century approach
Monitoring insects is a fundamental element of Integrated Pest Management, and advanced planning is crucial to enable staff suitable time to replace monitors, identify insects and respond to concerns. As is fairly standard in Museum and other heritage collections, the British Museum, undertakes quarterly monitoring and teams of trained collections...Austin Gonzalez, Carlos ; Marasco, Tatiana ; Portoni, Fabiana ; Kelley, Patrick ; Doyle, Adrian
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Book chapter
An analysis of coca leaves
Six Paracas/Nasca textiles with embroideries were scientifically examined not only to identify the fibres, but also to see if any of the textile bags contained traces of coca leaves. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that one of these bags still contained tiny traces of coca leaves.Cartwright, Caroline
coca leaves, textile bags, and Peru
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Exhibition catalogue
Ancient Greeks: Athletes, Warriors and Heroes
This is the catalogue to accompany the British Museum's International Touring exhibition Ancient Greeks: Athletes, Warriors and Heroes currently in Australia, moving to Auckland, New Zealand next year. It features text by Dr Peter John Higgs, Curator, British Museum, with an introductory essay by Professor Alastair Blanshard, University of Queensland,...Blanshard, Alastair ; Burton, Diana ; Higgs, Peter John
Sport, Greeks, and Competition
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Journal article
Coin hoards from England, Scotland and Wales 2021
Early Medieval, archaeology, hoards, Post-Medieval, numismatics, coins, Medieval, Iron Age, and RomanGhey, Eleanor ; Andrews, Murray
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Journal article
FLAME‐D database: an integrated system for the study of archaeometallurgy
This paper discusses the reorganisation of archaeometallurgical legacy data for future research. When archaeometallurgical research aims to answer questions that involve significant movements of raw material or metal objects, it needs to rely on large sets of data. These data are available but scattered across hundreds of publications, where they...Perucchetti, L. ; Bray, P. ; Felicetti, A. ; Sainsbury, V. ; Howarth, P. …
Bronze Age, archaeometallurgy , and database
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Journal article
Between Apollo and Osiris: Egyptianising East Greek pottery, translating gods and cross-cultural interaction in the 6th century B.C
Relatively few Greek fine ware vessels have been uncovered in Egyptian contexts of the late 7th and 6th centuries B.C., the majority of East Greek production. Remarkably, though, the shape and imagery of a good number of them seem to reference local Egyptian customs and ideas, notably Osirian religion and...Villing, Alexandra
Apollo, East Greek pottery, Typhon, Greeks in Egypt, and Greek mythology
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Journal article
Pandemic, protests and building back: 20 months at the British Museum
This article is a personal reflection that examines the impact of the pandemic on the British Museum’s (BM) onsite interpretation and audiences; however, it is informed by robust visitor insight and evaluation as well as by direct experience. Quotes from the public are incorporated throughout. Covid-19 led to the BM’s...Frost, Stuart
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Journal article
Time to be nosy: Evaluating the impact of environmental and sociocultural changes on maxillary sinusitis in the Middle Nile Valley (Neolithic to Medieval periods)
Objective To investigate the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in people who lived in the Middle Nile Valley across different periods, cultures, and environmental conditions. Materials 481 skeletons from 13 sites, curated at the British Museum, London, were analysed. The sites ranged in date from the Neolithic to Medieval periods (c....Davies-Barrett, Anna M. ; Roberts, Charlotte A. ; Antoine, Daniel
Particulate matter, Upper respiratory tract disease, Air quality, and Sudan
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Journal article
Tackling conservation challenges using erbium lasers: case studies at the British Museum
Research was conducted at the British Museum to investigate the potential of Er:YAG lasers to address challenging conservation problems where traditional conservation methods had failed. The approach followed was to perform laser tests on model samples and unregistered objects to determine the laser alteration threshold fluence on each substrate and...Pereira-Pardo, Lucía ; Melita, Lucia N. ; Korenberg, Capucine
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Journal article
Finding Sustainability in the Desert: Conservation of the Archaeological Site of Dangeil, Sudan, and Its Associated Collections
An extreme environment poses challenges, and forces one to implement solutions that require mixing state-of-the-art techniques with local knowledge and resources, to achieve results that are appropriate, effective, and sustainable in the long term. This is the case at Dangeil, Sudan, site of a first-century CE Kushite temple and cemeteries....Guiducci, Francesca ; Sweek, Tracey ; Anderson, Julie
conservation, Sudan, sustainability, and archaeological site
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Book
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
This volume is a comprehensive compilation of primary textual sources pertaining to the history of Hunnic peoples in the vast area encompassing Central and South Asia. Sources in nearly a dozen languages have been carefully selected by scholars with a specialisation in the particular language and relevant research experience. Each...Balogh, Dániel
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Book
Sylloge Nummorum Parthicorum 2, Mithradates II
The second volume of “Sylloge Nummorum Parthicorum” examines the history and culture of the reign of Mithradates II (c. 122/1‒91 BC), who consolidated and expanded the Parthian state. In addition to his coinage, the present volume draws on other primary sources, such as cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, in order to...Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta ; Magub, Alexandra ; J. Pendleton, Elizabeth ; C.D. Hopkins, Edward
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Book chapter
Sex and Sensitivities: Exhibiting and Interpreting Shunga at the British Museum
Sexually explicit paintings, prints, and illustrated books known as shunga (“spring pictures”) were produced in Japan in considerable quantities between 1600 and 1900. For most of the twentieth century, although shunga was actively collected and represented in major museum collections, it was rarely exhibited publicly, particularly the more explicit works....Frost, Stuart
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Book chapter
Of Kushite kings and sacred landscapes in the Middle Nile valley
An overview of Kushite kings and sacred landscapes in the Middle Nile Valley in a collection of invited and peer-reviewed essays by friends and colleagues of Julian Edgeworth Reade.Anderson, Julie
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Journal issue
Sudan & Nubia Volume 24
Sudan & Nubia journal, volume 24, edited by Julie Anderson (with 58 authors). PDF available for free download from http://www.sudarchrs.org.uk/resources/publications/journal-sudan-nubia/#toggle-id-24Anderson, Julie
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Journal article
Excavations at Klipfonteinrand reveal local and regional patterns of adaptation and interaction through MIS 2 in Southern Africa
Research interest in patterns of cultural transmission in the southern African Palaeolithic is complicated by poor resolution of site occupation, technological behaviour, and underlying environmental conditions. Here, we describe the Pleistocene Later Stone Age sequence from Klipfonteinrand rock shelter, dating 22.3–13.4 ka, in light of local and regional data. Analysis... -
Journal article
Pigments, incense, and bitumen from the New Kingdom town and cemetery on Sai Island in Nubia
An analysis of paints found in ceramic sherd palettes from the 18th Dynasty (1548-1302 BCE) Pharaonic town on Sai Island in Upper Nubia using polarised light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy revealed pigments from the standard Egyptian repertoire: red and yellow ochres, Egyptian blue, calcite, gypsum, anhydrite, and the bright white...Fulcher, Kate ; Budka, Julia
Egyptian blue, Canopic jars, Incense, Ancient Nubia, Pigments, Pistacia resin, and Bitumen
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Journal article
The wood charcoals from Sheri Khan Tarakai: a case study in environmental archaeology and palaeoecology
The wood charcoals from the early village site of Sheri Khan Tarakai (c. 3800 – 2900 cal. BC) in the west of Bannu District (Pakistan) are the principal focus of this paper. Twenty six taxa of woody plants (trees and shrubs) were identified and their spatial, contextual and temporal distributions... -
Journal article
Using analytical pyrolysis and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate charcoal formation of four wood taxa from the caatinga of north-east Brazil
People in north-east Brazil mostly rely on fuelwood and charcoal for domestic energy consumption. Traditionally, four local wood taxa (Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Croton sonderianus and Cenostigma pyramidale) from the caatinga have been selected for this purpose. As the final quality of charcoal is directly related to the charring conditions,... -
Journal article
Journal of Wetland Archaeology Bog Bodies Special Edition: Foreword
An introduction outlining the background to this special edition of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Julia Farley and Benjamin Gearey, and the aims of the papers. This volume is the result of an international workshop on bog bodies held at the British Museum in March 2019, the most... -
Journal article
Medieval commercial sites: as seen through Portable Antiquities Scheme data
This paper explores some 220,000 medieval objects recorded in the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) online database of archaeological small finds through Geographic Information System analysis of their relationship with contemporary market sites. First, an overview of the contents of the PAS database is presented in terms of its spatial and... -
Journal article
Trends in Myanmar wall paintings from the eleventh to the twentieth centuries
Wall paintings in Myanmar have a long history. Extant remains date as far back as the eleventh century, and murals continue to be produced today. This paper is based on the survey of more than 150 temples in the central zone of Myanmar, exploring the imagery to consider its role...Green, Alexandra
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Journal article
KOLEKSI RAFFLES DARI JAWA: BUKTI DARI EROPA TENTANG SEBUAH PERADABAN
Stamford Raffles was promoted to Lieutenant Governor of Java when the island was captured from the Dutch by the British East India Company in 1811 as part of the Napoleonic wars in Europe. During Raffles’ years on Java, he collected substantial cultural materials, including theatrical objects, musical instruments, coins and...Green, Alexandra
Collecting history, Art history, Colonialism, and Stamford Raffles
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Journal article
Raffles’ collections from Java: European evidence of civilisation
Stamford Raffles was promoted to Lieutenant Governor of Java when the island was taken from the Dutch by the British East India Company in 1811 as part of the Napoleonic wars in Europe. During Raffles’ years on Java, he collected substantial cultural materials, among others are; theatrical objects, musical instruments,...Green, Alexandra
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Journal article
Archaeology at ras Muari: Sonari, a Bronze Age fisher-gatherers settlement at the Hab River mouth (Karachi, Pakistan).
This paper describes the results of the surveys carried out along Ras Muari (Cape Monze, Karachi, Sindh) by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Lower Sindh and Las Bela in 2013 and 2014. The surveyed area coincides with part of the mythical land of the Ichthyophagoi, mentioned by the classical chroniclers.... -
Journal article
Harold-as-Aeneas? The influence of the Aeneid on a rescue scene in the Bayeux Tapestry
This article examines a particular scene in the Bayeux Tapestry where Earl Harold of Wessex rescues Normans from the River Couesnon (Brittany/Normandy) in reference to a similar scene in the Aeneid. It considers the qualities of the 'heroes' in both scenes - Harold and Aeneas - and considers the a...Rollason, Nikki K. ; Michael, Lewis
art, Aeneas, Harold of Wessex (Harold II), Aeneid, and Bayeux Tapestry
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Journal article
Early Levallois core technology between Marine Isotope Stage 12 and 9 in Western Europe
Early Levallois core technology is usually dated in Europe to the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 and particularly from the beginning of MIS 8 to MIS 6. This technology is considered as one of the markers of the transition from lower to Middle Paleolithic or from Mode 2... -
Journal article
The palm tree ryal of Mary Queen of Scots revisited
An investigation of the unusual design of this coin, a tortoise climbing up a palm tree.Cook, Barrie ; Archibald, Marion
palm tree, coinage, tortoise, ryal, and Mary Queen of Scots
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Journal article
The WEAP method: a new age in the analysis of the Acheulean handaxes
This paper presents a unified methodology to describe critical features in lithic assemblages, in order to better interpret the Middle Pleistocene hominin occupation of western Europe, in the context of the Western European Acheulean Project (WEAP). This project aims to characterise the Acheulean technology of the western side of Europe...Middle Pleistocene; Acheulean handaxes; typology; chaîne opératoire; geometric; morphometrics
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Journal article
Ethnobotany of Hawaiian figure sculpture
Anecdotal theories about traditional uses of Polynesian woods in relation to social and religious practices were tested using comparative wood identification. The woods used to make 135 figure carvings from the Hawaiian archipelago were identified and compared with 23 figure carvings from elsewhere in Polynesia (especially Tahiti and the Marquesas)....Rudall, Paula J. ; Cartwright, Caroline
ethnobotany, Polynesia, and wood anatomy
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Journal article
Bitumen from the Dead Sea in Early Iron Age Nubia
Bitumen has been identified for the first time in Egyptian occupied Nubia, from within the town of Amara West, occupied from around 1300 to 1050 BC. The bitumen can be sourced to the Dead Sea using biomarkers, evidencing a trade in this material from the eastern Mediterranean to Nubia in...Fulcher, Kate ; Stacey, Rebecca ; Spencer, Neal
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Journal article
Objectifying processes: The use of geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses on Acheulean tools
Nowadays, the fruitful discussion regarding the morphological variability of handaxes during the Middle Pleistocene has reached a decisive moment with the use of more accurate statistical methods, such as geometric morphometrics (GM) and multivariate analyses (MA). This paper presents a preliminary methodological approach for checking the utility of these new...García-Medrano, Paula ; Maldonado-Garrido, Elías ; Ashton, Nick ; Ollé, Andreu
Boxgrove, Middle Pleistocene, handaxes, multivariate analyses, geometric morphometrics, Swanscombe, and Acheulean
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Journal article
The origins of decorated ostrich eggs in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East
Decorated ostrich eggs were traded around the Mediterranean during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Research on their origins has focused primarily on decorative techniques and iconography to characterise the producers, workshops and trade routes, thereby equating decorative styles with cultural identities and geographic locations. This is problematic, as craftspeople were...Mediterranean; Middle East; North Africa; Bronze Age; Iron Age; stable isotopes; ostrich eggs
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Journal article
Khirbet Ghozlan
The site of Khirbet Um al-Ghozlan sits on a steep knoll overlooking the Wadi Rayyan in north Jordan. Because it is only 0.4 ha in size, most surveys would classify the site as a hamlet or village. In this respect, Khirbet Ghozlan sits comfortably within our traditional understanding of the...Fraser, James ; Cartwright, Caroline
olive oil, olives, Jordan valley, Early Bronze Age IV, Olea europaea, and Khirbet Um al-Ghozlan