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2023
Journal article
Metals and pigments at Amara West: cross-craft perspectives on practices and provisioning in New Kingdom Nubia
This paper presents the results of elemental and lead isotopic analysis of copper alloys, copper-based pigments and an extremely rare tin-based alloy from the town of Amara West (Sudan), the centre for pharaonic control of occupied Upper Nubia between 1300 and 1070 BCE. It is the first assemblage of its...Rademakers, Frederik W. ; Auenmüller, Johannes ; Spencer, Neal ; Fulcher, Kate ; Lehmann, Manuela …
Egyptian blue, copper alloys, Archaeometallurgy, Nubian archaeology, New Kingdom, and Amara West
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2022
Journal article
Polysaccharide Paint Binding Media at Two Pharaonic Settlements in Nubia
Paints and plasters from two pharaonic settlement sites in Nubia (northern Sudan) were analysed to investigate the presence and origin of organic binding materials. The town of Sai was founded around the time of the pharaonic conquest of Kush (Upper Nubia) around 1500 BC, with Amara West created as a...Fulcher, Kate ; Spencer, Neal ; Budka, Julia ; Stacey, Rebecca J.
archaeology, urbanism, Nubia, Egypt, technology, colonialism, pigment, botany, and gums
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2022
Journal article
Nubian agricultural practices, crops and foods: changes in living memory on Ernetta Island, Northern Sudan
Agricultural practices in northern Sudan have been changing rapidly but remain little documented. In this paper we aim to investigate changes to crops grown in living memory and their uses through interviews with Nubian farmers on the island of Ernetta. By exploring cultivation and crop processing practices, together with associated...Ryan, Philippa ; Kordofani, Maha ; Saad, Mohamed ; Hassan, Mohammed ; Dalton, Matthew …
agricultural heritage, crop diversity , and traditional ecological knowledge
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2020
Journal article
Bitumen from the Dead Sea in Early Iron Age Nubia
Bitumen has been identified for the first time in Egyptian occupied Nubia, from within the town of Amara West, occupied from around 1300 to 1050 BC. The bitumen can be sourced to the Dead Sea using biomarkers, evidencing a trade in this material from the eastern Mediterranean to Nubia in...Fulcher, Kate ; Stacey, Rebecca ; Spencer, Neal
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2014
Journal article
On the Antiquity of Cancer: Evidence for Metastatic Carcinoma in a Young Man from Ancient Nubia (c. 1200BC)
Cancer, one of the world's leading causes of death today, remains almost absent relative to other pathological conditions, in the archaeological record, giving rise to the conclusion that the disease is mainly a product of modern living and increased longevity. This paper presents a male, young-adult individual from the archaeological...Binder, Michaela ; Roberts, Charlotte ; Spencer, Neal ; Antoine, Daniel ; Cartwright, Caroline
Cancer and ancient Nubia
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2014
Book
Kom Firin II: The Urban Fabric and Landscape
Kom Firin, a large settlement site in the western Nile Delta, was the subject of British Museum archaeological fieldwork between 2002 and 2011. This second and final monograph presents the results of excavations in the Citadel, an area of Late Period occupation, and within the northeastern corner of the Ramesside...Spencer, Neal
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2008
Book
Kom Firin I: The Ramesside Temple and the Site Survey
First monograph on the British Museum fieldwork at Kom Firin in Egypt’s Nile Delta, a settlement created around the time of Ramses II, and occupied until late Antiquity. This volume focuses on the survey and remote sensing of the site, along with a full publication of the Ramesside temple.Spencer, Neal
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2006
Book
A Naos of Nekhthorheb from Bubastis: Religious Iconography and Temple Building in the 30th Dynasty
The first full publication of a monumental red granite naos of king Nekhthorheb from the temple at Bubastis in the Nile Delta (360–343 BC). Originally 3.5m tall, fragments were excavated by Edouard Naville in the 1880s, many of which are now in the British Museum, the naos is an important...Spencer, Neal ; Rosenow, Daniela